Introduction to Instrumentation and Control

 Introduction

first of all let us know some information about the science we are talking about.

1- What is Instrumentation and Control ?

Instrumentation and Control Engineering (ICE) is a branch of engineering that studies the measurement and control of process variables, and the design and implementation of systems that incorporate them. Process variables include pressure, temperature, level and flow...

Instrumentation Engineering: is the science of the measurement and control of process variables
Why 
2- Why Instrumentation and control ?
assume that we have some tank filled with some product and we want to make control the level of this product to with out Instrumentation and Control
so we will need operator to observe the level with his eyes and control the level with manual valve to 
  1.  Product feed       
  2.  Avoid Overflow.









with human presence errors occurs and when that happened there will be :






  • Human losses
  •  Product waste
  •  Time waste
  • shut down
  • Money losses

So what is the solution ?
Answer : By making Fully control system using Instrumentation and Control
 


How ?
 
Fully control system by using three element 
  1. Sensor
  2. Control system
  3. Final control element






Let us discuss the 3 elements that the Control system contain

1. Sensor (Instrument)

there is three question will explain Instruments work 

  1. What is Instrument?
  2. Why should we use Instruments?
  3. How could we use Instruments?

1.What is Instruments?


Instruments: is the devices that  measure and control of process variables

 Process variables types:

 Physical process variables 
  • Pressure 
  • Temperature 
  • Level
  • Flow

Chemical process variables
  • PH
  • Conductivity
  • O2/CO 




Mechanical process variables
  • Vibration
  • Speed
  • Expansion




2.Why should we use Instruments?

To obtain final product with an economic and standard specification Via

  • Monitor 
  • Control
  • Protection

3.How could we use Instruments?

  • Gauges
  • Switches
  • Transmitters


2.Control System

  • Classic Control
  • PLC "Programmable Logic Controller"
  • DCS "Distributed Control System"






















3.Final Control Element

  • Pump and Motor
  • Heaters
  • Control Valves





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